On August 20, 2022, the first salon of the China Energy Modeling Forum, "Energy Transformation Promoting Smart and Green Building" was successfully held online. Dean Chen Qian from Tianjin University Architectural Design and Planning Research Institute Co., Ltd. With the theme of "The Development of Green and Low-Carbon Building Standards under the Dual-Carbon Goals and Its Impact on the Industry", the seminar comprehensively introduced topics such as green building standards, ultra-low energy buildings, green transformation of existing buildings, and utilization of green and clean energy. The main content shared by Dean Chen Qian is as follows:

Dean Chen Qian shared online

 Development of green buildings and related standards

As an effective means of low-carbon emission reduction, green building evaluation has undergone many changes and developments in recent years. At present, there are more than 100 related methods and tools in the global green building evaluation system. Founded in 1990, BREEAM is the world's first and most widely used green building assessment method. LEED in the United States is currently a relatively complete and influential evaluation standard among various building environmental protection evaluations, green building evaluations, and building sustainability evaluation standards in various countries around the world. 

As a fundamental technical standard to standardize and lead the green, environmental protection and sustainable development of China's construction industry, my country's "Green Building Evaluation Standard" GB/T 50378 was first released in 2006. After three editions and two revisions, especially the revision of the 2019 edition, From the perspective of managers and users, five index systems of "safety and durability, health and comfort, convenience of life, resource conservation, and livable environment" have been formulated, which has comprehensively improved the quality standards of green buildings from the perspective of users. In general, after several revisions, the standard has evolved from qualitative judgment to quantitative scoring, which can more directly reflect the low-carbon and energy-saving effects of green buildings. At the same time, more and more attention has been paid to materials, processes, construction, management, For practical application issues such as new technologies, the system is more scientific and perfect.

In recent years, the state and local governments have also formulated many green and low-carbon standards. Since 2019, the national standards "Technical Standards for Near-Zero-Energy Buildings" GB/T 51350-2019, "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standards" GB /T 51366-2019, "Evaluation Standards for Passive Ultra-Low Energy Buildings" DB13(J)/T8323-2021, "General Specifications for Building Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization" GB 55015-2021, etc., put forward clearer requirements for carbon emission calculations , Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Henan Province, Beijing and many other places have also successively clarified the relevant regulations on the calculation of building carbon emissions.

Leading the development of the industry under the background of green and low carbon

Under the requirements of national policies, the development of the construction industry has also shown a new momentum and form. For example, the development of the carbon trading market has greatly promoted the development of low-carbon industries from the economic level. As for the international carbon trading market, as early as January 2005, the EU ETS already existed. However, a unified carbon market has not yet been formed in the world, and the development of various regions is not balanced. Among them, carbon trading in Asia started relatively late, and countries such as South Korea and Japan have already launched carbon trading mechanisms. In 2011, my country's carbon market pilot work was launched, and seven cities including Beijing and Tianjin became pilot cities. As of July 15, 2022, the cumulative transaction volume of carbon emission quotas in the national carbon emission trading market was 194 million tons, and the cumulative transaction volume was nearly 8.5 billion yuan. At present, the power generation industry is the first industry to be included in the national carbon market.

In this context, the introduction of carbon trading system in the construction industry is also the general trend. Among them, Wuhan, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai and other places have introduced corresponding policies to actively promote the construction sector to enter the carbon trading platform. Carbon trading will give birth to a new development trend in the entire construction industry. Future architectural design should not only consider construction costs, but also carbon emission costs. Some new construction methods and energy-saving methods, such as prefabricated and passive, will be widely promoted. The energy structure of buildings will change, and green and clean energy will largely replace conventional energy. Green building materials and new technologies are more widely used.

Ultra-low energy consumption buildings have become the mainstream of low-carbon energy-saving development:

At present, my country's ultra-low energy consumption buildings have developed from pilot projects to the stage of full release and promotion, from relying on foreign technology systems to the stage of independent design and construction capabilities, and the development of ultra-low energy consumption buildings is very rapid.

From the perspective of technical characteristics, ultra-low energy consumption is mainly to maintain structural performance, including doors, windows, exterior walls, thermal performance, and all aspects of improvement, combined with fresh air heat recovery technology, and ultimately achieve energy-saving effects. Architectural design should pay more attention to the needs of green, low-carbon and sustainable development from the aspects of shape, indoor and outdoor space, and the application of green technology. For example, more natural lighting and natural ventilation should be used to achieve a comfortable light environment, In terms of temperature and humidity environment, more technical measures such as photovoltaic glass and photovoltaic glass curtain wall are used in architectural design to increase the proportion of green and clean energy such as solar energy utilization and wind energy utilization.

Urban renewal and green transformation of existing buildings have become new engines for low-carbon social and economic development:

My country's existing construction area exceeds 66 billion square meters, and the urban renewal work has been advancing for nearly ten years since 2013. The carbon emissions in the building operation stage that are concerned about the renovation of existing buildings are also huge. In the future, promoting the optimization of urban spatial structure and the improvement of urban quality will become an important position for low-carbon emission reduction.

At present, the goal of urban renewal has gradually shifted from a single pursuit of economic benefits to a diversified goal system including economy, society, environment, and sustainable development. Under this goal, how to combine urban renewal work with low-carbon emission reduction work has become an issue that must be considered in urban renewal.

Prefabricated has become a construction method in line with the concept of carbon neutrality:

In terms of construction technology, prefabricated buildings have become the best construction method in line with the concept of carbon neutrality. The "14th Five-Year Plan for Building Energy Conservation and Green Building Development" pointed out that by 2025, prefabricated buildings will account for 30% of new urban buildings in that year. From the perspective of development scale, my country's prefabricated construction industry has formed a development pattern in which prefabricated concrete structures account for the largest proportion, followed by steel structures. However, because a series of indicators such as the recovery rate of steel structures are better than concrete systems, in the long run, the huge potential of steel structures is expected to surpass prefabricated concrete structures and become the new mainstream of the industry.

 The assembly type is mainly characterized by greening and standardization. The steel structure-based assembly system has the least impact on the environment and the highest utilization rate of resources in the whole life cycle of the building from architectural design, production to scrapping and demolition. If carbon trading quotas are implemented in the construction industry, the fabricated steel structure will be a new field in the industry in the future. 

The use of green and clean energy has become an important way to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality:

In the report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the outline of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the four keywords of "clean", "low carbon", "safety" and "high efficiency" have been mentioned, which have become the fundamental requirements for my country's energy development in the new era. With the mature development of technology, my country's renewable energy has reached the "parity" mark, and the future energy structure will undergo major changes.

To achieve the goal of carbon neutrality through green and clean energy, the future development mainly has the following aspects:

Urban green space construction has become an effective means to improve the city's carbon sink capacity:

While reducing emissions, some carbon sequestration technologies, especially the design of carbon sequestration through green landscapes, are being used by more and more projects. On July 20, 2022, the first domestic "Urban Green Carbon Sequestration Project Methodology" passed expert review, filling the gap in the methodology of urban green carbon sequestration projects that implement emission reduction and sink enhancement technologies, and is expected to become a brand new project in the municipal garden industry. "carbon sink" value chain.

In the future, the one-sided pursuit of "ornamental" urban green space will gradually be replaced by a more "ecological" green space system. The combination of reducing urban emissions and increasing carbon sinks will become the direction of future urban development.  

New technologies and new materials have become the key to green and low-carbon development:

In 2021, important documents such as the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Completely, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept and Doing a Good Job of Carbon Neutrality at Peak Carbon Peak" and "Action Plan for Carbon Peak Before 2030" clearly stated that "accelerating green and low-carbon technology In order to effectively promote the green and low-carbon technological revolution, it is necessary to continue to enrich its theoretical connotation in the future. In the construction industry, the application of a series of new technologies and new materials has gradually matured and will play a more important role in green and low-carbon development. For example, promote low-carbon cement production technology, accelerate the development and operation of integrated systems such as distributed photovoltaics, distributed wind power, multi-energy storage, high-efficiency heat pumps, and smart energy management and control, promote the application of digital information technology, and use scientific smart energy management solutions Enabling building energy management, etc. 

Expert's point

The "14th Five-Year Plan" is the critical period and window period for my country to achieve carbon peaking. With the deepening of the "dual carbon" strategy, the urgency and arduousness of the tasks under the new situation continue to increase. The systematic development of green and low-carbon technologies Raise new challenges. 

In terms of standard development, the introduction of new norms and standards has promoted the development of the industry to a certain extent, but at the same time it has put forward higher requirements for traditional architectural design. All-round technological improvement and change.

In terms of energy structure transformation, the status of traditional energy will be gradually replaced by green and clean energy. However, under the current international situation, should we also pay attention to the irreplaceability of traditional energy in terms of national security? Therefore, multiple forms of energy coexist and optimize Integration is an important direction for future energy development.

In terms of architectural design, new technical means have brought new design ideas and methods, and the integration of traditional design means with new technologies and new materials has become the key to future architectural design.

The status of building operation management will gradually become prominent, and some energy management companies will play an increasingly important role in future low-carbon emission reduction work. 

Original CEMF Tsinghua University CIDEG 2022-09-08 17:04 Posted on Beijing